Sqlglot documentation

Sqlglot documentation. executor. I think SQLGlot has the potent Oct 28, 2022 · transpile should probably just quote all columns: for example: sqlglot. Near the top of each article, is a section that indicates which products and services support subject of the article. Oct 2, 2022 · 1. SQLGlot bridges all the different variations, called "dialects", with an extensible SQL transpilation framework. This is where SQLLineage takes over. args["joins"]: table = join. Contributions are very welcome in SQLGlot; read the contribution guide to get started! Table of Contents ; Install ; Versioning ; Get in Touch ; Examples Apr 13, 2023 · SELECT * FROM sales_history MATCH_RECOGNIZE ( PARTITION BY product ORDER BY tstamp MEASURES STRT. source for scope in traverse_scope ( expression ) for source in scope. name, b. helper import seq_get 13 14 15 class StarRocks (MySQL): Dec 12, 2023 · Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly SQLGlot is heavily inspired by Apache Calcite and I hope that Python users will benefit from having a powerful tool to to parse, transpile, and even optimize SQL! Oct 1, 2022 · physical_columns = [. 7. Whenever you write a query like this: CREATE VIEW my_view AS SELECT a. expressions as exp 6 from sqlglot. snowflake View Source. The first step is to convert the sql string into a list of tokens. annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot. schema import Schema, ensure Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats. . The abstract syntax itself might change with each Python release; this module helps to find out programmatically what the current grammar looks like. . source_columns. helper import PYTHON_VERSION, is_int, seq_get 10 11 12 class reverse_key: 13 def {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"docs":{"items":[{"name":"sqlglot","path":"docs/sqlglot","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"CNAME","path":"docs Nov 9, 2023 · A big piece of the puzzle is SQL queries, which implicitly capture and document the lineage of the data they query and manipulate. The base `sqlglot. Node-level documentation for sqlglot Using the Python library sqlglot, where can I find documentation that explains: Which attributes I should expect to find on which expression nodes types (which arg types does Join, Table, Select, etc. 440441Returns:442The resulting expression type. env View Source. It is a very comprehensive generic Last Commit. get ( c. parse_one(sql) for join in node. Table ) Now, this only works if the columns are qualified. 1, dbl double default 1. Arguments: value:The value to be split. Qualified means the column is prefixed with the table name. It can be used to format SQL or translate between 21 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto / Trino, Spark / Databricks, Snowflake, and BigQuery. scope import Scope, build_scope 2 3 4 def eliminate_ctes (expression): 5 """ 6 Remove unused CTEs from an expression. Splink is a Python package for probabilistic record linkage (entity resolution) that allows you to deduplicate and link records from datasets without unique identifiers. qualify_columns Tokenizing. table ), exp. helper import dict SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. i use sqlglot==18. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 import sqlglot. egg; Algorithm Hash digest; SHA256: 507de7fd024129255115263222ebb18d3829e9345fde3529ce95701bee7c4812: Copy : MD5 Apr 13, 2024 · Python SQL Parser and Transpiler. For example, this article applies to all versions, and has the following label. tstamp) AS peak_tstamp, LAST(DOWN. optimizer View Source. 0 and save it in . We finally landed our port of all the ibis backends to sqlglot and we found that the benchmark that tests ibis's ability to construct these huge unions broke. helper import seq_get 16 1 from sqlglot. email FROM table_a a JOIN table_b b ON a. 1 # ruff: noqa: F401 2 3 from sqlglot. columns if isinstance ( scope. SQLGlot based transpiler control and evaulation framework. SQLGlot's tokenizer is quite simple and can be found here. 15. Normalize all unquoted identifiers to either lower or upper case, dependingon the dialect. this results in invalid SQL, because the column names are not quoted properly for myql, but GitHub is where people build software. scope import Scope, traverse_scope 16 from sqlglot. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import logging 4 import typing as t 5 from collections import defaultdict 6 7 from sqlglot import exp 8 from sqlglot. tstamp) AS end_tstamp, MATCH_NUMBER() AS mno ONE ROW PER MATCH AFTER MATCH SKIP TO LAST DOWN PATTERN (STRT UP+ FLAT* DOWN+) DEFINE UP AS UP. c for scope in traverse_scope ( ast ) for c in scope. 2023 was an interesting year for SQLblog. Bar') 13 >>> lower The implementation discussed in this post is now a part of the SQLGlot library. parser View Source. 9 10 Example: 11 >>> import sqlglot 12 >>> expression = sqlglot. transpile("create table foo (auto integer primary key, inty integer default 4, blob blob, tex text, flt float default 1. Aug 24, 2023 · However, it should live noted that SQL validation is cannot SQLGlot’s goal, so some syntax errors mayor go unnoticed. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery. doris View Source. mysql View Source. 11. For example, we might care about the source482names within a subquery. [. 436437Args:438schema_type: the type we want to convert. org – I talk about top posts and some changes I made here over the year. tstamp AS start_tstamp, LAST(UP. More than 100 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 420 million projects. presto View Source. dialect import (7 Dialect, 8 NormalizationStrategy, 9 binary_from_function, 10 date_delta_sql, 11 date_trunc_to_time, 12 datestrtodate_sql, 13 build_formatted_time, 14 if_sql, 15 inline Feb 5, 2023 · This means it starts at the leaves of the query tree. 7 def eliminate_joins (expression): 8 """ 9 Remove unused joins from an expression. 1 import datetime 2 import inspect 3 import re 4 import statistics 5 from functools import wraps 6 7 from sqlglot import exp 8 from sqlglot. min_num_words:The minimum number of words that are going to be in the result. Running the SQLGlot tokenizer shows the output. 479480This is helpful for optimizing queries, where we need more information than481the expression tree itself. dialect import (7 Dialect, 8 NormalizationStrategy, 9 arrow_json_extract_sql, 10 date_add_interval_sql, 11 datestrtodate_sql, 12 build_formatted_time, 13 isnull_to_is_null, 14 locate_to 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import functools 4 import typing as t 5 6 from sqlglot import exp 7 from sqlglot. helper import apply_index_offset, ensure_list, seq_get 10 from sqlglot. dialect import (7 Dialect, 8 NormalizationStrategy, 9 any_value_to_max_sql, 10 arrow_json_extract_sql, 11 concat_to_dpipe_sql, 12 count_if_to_sum, 13 no_ilike_sql, 14 no_pivot_sql, 15 no List[Scope]:475"""476Traverse an expression by its "scopes". Occasionally some modifications are needed to the SQL to ensure it executes against the target backend. Edit on GitHub sqlglot. SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. values () if isinstance ( source, exp. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import expressions as exp 6 from sqlglot. R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType. id = b. a FROM x LEFT JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT y. dialect import Dialect, DialectType 7 from sqlglot. In this example, the identifier awill not Apr 19, 2024 · SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. optimizer. 443"""444ifschema_typenotinself. dialect import DialectType 6 from sqlglot. helper import (8 ensure_list, 9 is_date_unit, 10 is_iso_date, 11 is_iso_datetime, 12 seq_get, 13 subclasses, 14) 15 from sqlglot. when i run sqlglot. what's after the IN part) and and some others ("implicit columns") that exist in the schema of the pivoted table but don't appear in the AST of the PIVOT operator. SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType. impo Oct 10, 2023 · 🤘 It's time for MDS Chat with Matt!This week, I'm talking about SQLGlot— an open-source library from Toby Mao at Tobiko Data. Maybe I am doing something wrong so please let me know how to fix my code. 0-py3. Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. expand_alias_refs: Whether to expand references to aliases. helper import find_new_name, name_sequence 7 8 if t. 439dialect: the SQL dialect that will be used to parse `schema_type`, if needed. An abstract syntax tree can be generated by passing ast. Each SQL variation has its own `Dialect` subclass, extending the corresponding `Tokenizer`, `Parser` and 2 days ago · The ast module helps Python applications to process trees of the Python abstract syntax grammar. Table). scope import (5 Scope as Scope, 6 build_scope as build_scope, 7 find_all_in_scope as find_all_in_scope, 8 find_in_scope as find_in_scope, 9 traverse_scope as traverse_scope, 10 walk_in_scope as walk_in_scope, 11) Oct 22, 2021 · i have a complex SQL like below. Mar 18, 2021 · It can be used to format SQL or translate between 21 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto / Trino, Spark / Databricks, Snowflake, and BigQuery. Learn more about the SQLGlot API in the documentation. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 4 from sqlglot. SQLGlot parses SQL into an abstract syntax tree (AST). We found that sqlglot demonstrates a positive version release cadence with at least one new version released in the past 3 months. e. The tree. It aims to read a wide variety of SQL inputs and output syntatically correct SQL in the targeted dialects. R_BRACKET: 'R Edit on GitHub sqlglot. generator import Generator 9 from sqlglot. TYPE_CHECKING: 9 from sqlglot. Already looked at Python-sqlparse , sqlparse, but I'm not sure they are up to the SQLGlot is a no dependency Python SQL parser, transpiler, and optimizer. CommentColumnConstraint'> Hello, Thank you very much for implementing sqlglot. id. dialect. Jul 2, 2022 · Hi Team, First of all, Thanks for creating an Awesome project, great effort. 7 days ago. 6. It is very helpful! I bumped into an issue while testing it out. parse("select date_ However, it should be noted that SQL validation is not SQLGlot’s goal, so some syntax errors may go unnoticed. L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType. For instance, a custom dialect is implemented in the Spark linker. tokens import TokenType 11 12 13 def _timestamp_diff (14 self: Databricks. sqlglot. There is a problem confuses me. units_sold > PREV(UP. 12Convert correlated or vectorized subqueries into a group by so it is not a many to many left join. dialect import (5 approx_count_distinct_sql, 6 arrow_json_extract_sql, 7 build_timestamp_trunc, 8 rename_func, 9 unit_to_str, 10) 11 from sqlglot. b FROM y) AS y ON x. errors import How Does SQLLineage Work. scope import traverse_scope. A AS A FROM "Foo". 1011Convert scalar subqueries into cross joins. The difficulty stems from the fact that when you pivot a table, you have some columns that are produced as a function of the value list (i. 👍 I see a lot of use cases for this particular library, but they are currently stopped/blocked by the following issue: Any plans to support AT Time Zone for the Jun 15, 2023 · sqlglot. executor API Documentation. The AST also contains methods to generate SQL formatted by rfmt. Each SQL variation has its own Dialect subclass, extending the corresponding Tokenizer, Parser and Generator DataType:434"""435Convert a type represented as a string to the corresponding `sqlglot. Further analysis of the maintenance status of sqlglot based on released PyPI versions cadence, the repository activity, and other data points determined that its maintenance is Healthy. The trie is represented as a sequence of nested dictionaries keyed by either single character strings, or by 0, which is used to designate that a keyword is in the trie. 7 8 Example: 9 >>> import sqlglot 10 >>> sql = "WITH y AS (SELECT a FROM x) SELECT a FROM z" 11 >>> expression = sqlglot. For example, WITH y (c) AS ( SELECT SUM (a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y; 328@classmethod329defget_or_raise(cls 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 6 from sqlglot. expand_laterals View Source 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp 6 7 8 def expand_laterals ( expression : exp . It can be used to format SQL or translate between 19 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto, Spark, Snowflake, and BigQuery. The best way to glean the structure of a particular AST is python's builtin repr function: repr ( ast ) Edit on GitHub sqlglot. PyCF_ONLY_AST as a flag to the compile Edit on GitHub sqlglot. Scope is a good way to do this: from sqlglot import expressions as exp from sqlglot. Default: False. SQL transpilation framework. dialect import Dialect, rename_func 5 6 7 class Tableau (Dialect): 8 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 9 10 class Tokenizer (tokens. The base sqlglot. sources. Scope has methods for tracing query "sources" to all their columns (see Scope. _type_mapping_cache Dec 5, 2022 · node = sqlglot. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 from sqlglot import exp 4 from sqlglot. parse_one(sql) 12 >>> eliminate_ctes(expression). time import format_time 11 from sqlglot Arguments: expression: Expression to qualify. helper import AutoName 4 5 6 class TokenType (AutoName): 7 L_PAREN = auto 8 R_PAREN = auto 9 L_BRACKET = auto 10 R_BRACKET = auto 11 L_BRACE = auto 12 R_BRACE = auto 13 COMMA = auto 14 DOT = auto 15 DASH = auto 16 PLUS = auto 17 COLON = auto 18 DCOLON = auto 19 DQMARK = auto 20 SEMICOLON = auto 21 STAR Edit on GitHub sqlglot. Jul 12, 2023 · The T-SQL reference articles encompass multiple versions of SQL Server, starting with 2008, and the other Azure SQL services. selected_sources and Scope. isolate_table_selects import isolate_table_selects 8 from sqlglot. Feb 21, 2024 · Constructing a large union of 72 tables in sqlglot hits the stack recursion limit in Python. Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string. Table ) ] Edit on GitHub sqlglot. 1 from enum import auto 2 3 from sqlglot. Dialect` class implements a generic dialect that aims to be as universal as possible. schema import ensure_schema 7 8 # Sentinel value that means an outer query selecting ALL columns 9 SELECT_ALL = object 10 11 12 # Selection Python SQL Parser and Transpiler. optimizer import RULES as RULES, optimize as optimize 4 from sqlglot. In a while loop, it checks each character and either appends the character to the current token, or makes a new token. Fast, accurate and scalable probabilistic data linkage. dialect import (7 Dialect, 8 arg_max_or_min_no_count, 9 date_delta_sql, 10 inline_array_sql, 11 json_extract_segments, 12 json_path_key_only_name, 13 no_pivot_sql, 14 build_json_extract sqlglot. You'd need to remove aliases from sources and rename the tables of columns as you go. This tool is useful in looking at an entire migration project and where sqlglot optimizations are required. Hello @tobymao & team - apologies if this is not the right place to ask this question! I am using the qualify function of sqlglot using the BigQuery dialect like so: ast = parse_one(ddl,dialect="bi Edit on GitHub sqlglot. scope import Scope, traverse_scope 6 from sqlglot. dialect import (5 approx_count_distinct_sql, 6 arrow_json_extract_sql, 7 build_timestamp_trunc, 8 rename_func, 9 time_format, 1 import itertools 2 3 from sqlglot import expressions as exp 4 from sqlglot. sql() 13 'SELECT a FROM z' 14 15 We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. docker/ or in the Docker directory inside superset (superset/Docker/)? I tried both, I am facing the same issue SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. Dec 22, 2023 · Discussed in #2715 borther you again. ParseError: Required keyword: 'this' missing for <class 'sqlglot. Arguments: pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. dialect import (7 Dialect, 8 NormalizationStrategy, 9 build_formatted_time, 10 no_ilike_sql, 11 rename_func, 12 to_number_with_nls_param, 13 trim_sql, 14) 15 from sqlglot. clickhouse View Source. It can be used to format SQL or translate between different dialects like DuckDB, Presto, Spark, Snowflake, and BigQuery. py module. Let me get it, i need to make a . Answered by barakalon on Oct 2, 2022. So I am using sqlglot as a general-purpose SQL SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. 8. dialects. supported databases: bigquery, couchbase, dax, db2 2023 : A year in review. find(exp. units_sold), DOWN AS SQLFlow: Visualize column impact and data lineage to track columns across transformations by analyzing SQL query. txt file name it requirements-local and write sqlglot==20. This is a necessary step for most of the optimizer's rules to work; do not set to False unless you know what you're do 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp 6 from sqlglot. b" 16 >>> expression = sqlglot. 11 12 Example: 13 >>> import sqlglot 14 >>> expression = sqlglot. Install; Versioning; Get in Touch; Examples. Python SQL Parser and Transpiler. You’ve implicitly created lineage from table_a and table_b into my_view: Nov 13, 2020 · sql_parser is a pure recursive-descent parser that generates Python frozen dataclass objects as an AST. The choice of SQLglot was an obvious one due to its simple but powerful API, lack of external dependencies and, more importantly, extensive list of supported SQL dialects. 12 13 Example: 14 >>> import sqlglot 15 >>> sql = "SELECT x. A transformer is implemented in the Athena Oct 18, 2020 · Hashes for sqlflow-0. DataType` object. 7defunnest_subqueries(expression):8"""9Rewrite sqlglot AST to convert some predicates with subqueries into joins. 2);", read="sqlite", write="mysql") . id, a. Dialect class implements a generic dialect that aims to be as universal as possible. It aims to read a wide variety of SQL inputs and output syntactically and semantically correct SQL in the targeted dialects. starrocks View Source. The only mutable state is Apr 27, 2024 · Fully reproducible code snippet import sqlglot sql = """ SELECT student_id, student_name, class_no, count(0) as cnt FROM ( VALUES (0, 'Joey', 1), (1, 'Monica', 2), (1 SQLGlot is a no dependency Python SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. errors import ErrorLevel, ParseError, concat_messages, merge_errors 9 from sqlglot. sqlglot is used for this purpose. Aug 30, 2021 · SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. It aims to read a wide variety of SQL inputs and output syntactically correct SQL in the targeted dialects. text("this") My use case is to parse a bunch of Hive SQL scripts in order to find FROM, INSERT, ADD/DROP TABLE statements/clauses within the scripts, for analyzing which statements interact with which tables. mysql import MySQL 12 from sqlglot. units_sold = PREV(FLAT. I'm mapping a client's database & views & reports, and have dozens of queries to map, so the need to automate the job. Feb 2, 2024 · @rajdeepUWE follow the answer from @akshayjain3450 about creating a requirements-local with the sqlglot. Contributions are very greet in SQLGlot; read the contribution guide up get began! Table of Contents. Perform a split on a value and return N words as a result with Noneused for words that don't exist. dialect import (5 date_delta_sql, 6 build_date_delta, 7 timestamptrunc_sql, 8) 9 from sqlglot. Get Started with Splink. 10 11 This only removes joins when we know that the join condition doesn't produce duplicate rows. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 6 from sqlglot. schema: Database schema. parse sqlglot. I'm looking for a python (3+) library that would extract the table names that are contained in the from clauses. The original issue was reported as arising from an in-the-wild data validation use case in Backends can implement transpilation and or dialect steps to further transform the SQL if needed. dialect import (7 Dialect, 8 NormalizationStrategy, 9 binary_from_function, 10 bool_xor_sql, 11 date_trunc_to_time, 12 datestrtodate_sql, 13 encode_decode_sql, 14 build_formatted_time, 15 if Edit on GitHub sqlglot. The official Python community for Reddit! Stay up to date with the latest news, packages, and meta information relating to the Python programming language. tableau View Source. thank you Originally posted by yiliang-neo December 22, 2023 hi. Creates a new trie out of a collection of keywords. This essentially makes those identifiers case-insensitive. It can be used to format SQL or translate between different dialects like Presto, Spark, and Hive. 1314Example:15>>> import sqlglot16>>> expression = sqlglot. optimizer. I tried this. sep:The value to use to split on. parse_one("SELECT * FROM x 1 from sqlglot import exp 2 3 4 def lower_identities (expression): 5 """ 6 Convert all unquoted identifiers to lower case. Jan 13, 2024 · Hey @billstark, I looked into this and it turns out it's rather complicated to solve. L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType. May 10, 2024 · SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. exp. spark import Spark 10 from sqlglot. It is currently the fastest pure-Python SQL parser. Expression)-> exp. SQLGlot bridges all the different variations, called "dialects", with an extensible. And if you want to remove out column aliases and you might have subqueries, you'd Edit on GitHub sqlglot. qualify_columns import Resolver 5 from sqlglot. identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. generator import Generator 10 11 12 def unalias_group (expression: exp. units_sold), FLAT AS FLAT. expand_stars: Whether to expand star queries. Basically a sql parser will parse the SQL statement (s) into AST (Abstract Syntax Tree), which according to wikipedia, is a tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of source code (in our case, SQL code, of course). errors. 477478"Scope" represents the current context of a Select statement. parse_one('SELECT Bar. b = y. scope import build_scope 6 7 8 def eliminate_subqueries (expression): 9 """ 10 Rewrite derived tables as CTES, deduplicating if possible. It's possible to make this a no-op by adding a special comment next to theidentifier of interest: SELECT a /* sqlglot. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 from sqlglot import exp, transforms 4 from sqlglot. from sqlglot import parse_one ast = parse_one ( "SELECT a FROM (SELECT a FROM x) AS x") An AST is a data structure that represents a SQL statement. JOIN_ATTRS; optimize_joins; 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp 6 from sqlglot API Documentation. 1 import ast 2 import collections 3 import itertools 4 import math 5 6 from sqlglot import exp, generator, planner, tokens 7 Edit on GitHub sqlglot. Contribute to tobymao/sqlglot development by creating an account on GitHub. optimizer API Documentation. meta case_sensitive */ FROM table. expressions. helper import find_new_name 5 from sqlglot. January 1 st, 2024. normalize_identifiers import normalize_identifiers 9 from sqlglot. You can find a complete source code in the diff. 7 8 Assuming the schema is all lower case, this essentially makes identifiers case-insensitive. parse_one 1 from collections import defaultdict 2 3 from sqlglot import alias, exp 4 from sqlglot. Text and Transpiling Sep 3, 2021 · SQLGlot is a no dependency Python SQL parser and transpiler. It can be used to format SQL or translate between 20 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto / Trino, Spark / Databricks, Snowflake, and BigQuery. al hq xm aw nx vu wr fq vp zp